NBPTS Exceptional Needs Specialist Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Prep Resource

Question: 1 / 400

In Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, what is the focus of Level 1?

Values or others/appearing good

Rewards and punishment

In Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development, Level 1 primarily focuses on rewards and punishment. This initial stage is known as the Pre-conventional Level, where moral reasoning is based on the immediate consequences of actions for oneself. Individuals at this level make decisions based on the desire to avoid punishment or to gain rewards. They are largely self-centered and assess the morality of an action in terms of its direct impact on their personal well-being.

At this stage, individuals do not yet consider broader societal rules or the feelings of others when making moral judgments. Their understanding of right and wrong is simplistic and tied closely to tangible outcomes rather than abstract principles or social norms. This focus on immediate gratification or avoidance of negative consequences is foundational, as it represents the earliest form of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's developmental framework.

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Values based on morals

Social traditions

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