NBPTS Exceptional Needs Specialist Practice Exam 2026 – Complete Prep Resource

Question: 1 / 400

In Freud's theory, what does the 'id' represent?

The moral restrictions placed by society

The instinctual part acting to meet basic needs

In Freud's theory, the 'id' represents the instinctual part of the personality that operates based on the pleasure principle. It encompasses the most basic and primal desires and drives, including hunger, thirst, and sexual urges. The id is present from birth and serves to meet the basic needs of the individual without consideration for reality or social norms.

This aspect of the personality is wholly unconscious and does not take into account the consequences of actions; it simply seeks immediate gratification. Consequently, the 'id' illustrates the inherent human impulses that drive behavior before any rational or moral considerations come into play. This framework is essential for understanding how these foundational instincts interact with the more developed aspects of personality, such as the ego and superego, which balance these primal urges with reality and morality.

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The self-awareness and conscious choices of a person

The values and social expectations imposed on individuals

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